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Semantic Web And The Libraries An Overview

Semantic Web and the Libraries - An Overview.pdf (Private)

Semantic Web and the Libraries: An Overview

Terms

  • Semantic Web: Extension of the Web where data is represented with explicit meaning so machines can interpret and reason over it.
  • Metadata: Structured data describing other data.
  • Ontology: Formal specification of concepts, relationships and constraints within a domain.
  • URI (Uniform Resource Identifier): Unique identifier for a resource on the Web.
  • HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Protocol used to transfer resources across the Web.
  • HTML (HyperText Markup Language): Markup language for displaying web pages.
  • XML (Extensible Markup Language): Markup language for representing structured data.
  • RDF (Resource Description Framework): W3C standard for representing data as subject–predicate–object triples.
  • RDFS (RDF Schema): Vocabulary for defining classes and properties in RDF.
  • OWL (Web Ontology Language): Language for defining rich ontologies and logical relationships.
  • SPARQL: Query language for RDF knowledge graphs.
  • SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System): RDF vocabulary for thesauri, taxonomies and controlled vocabularies.
  • Turtle: Human-readable RDF serialization format.
  • N-Triples: Plain text RDF serialization format.
  • Notation3 (N3): Compact RDF syntax with logical extensions.
  • FOAF (Friend of a Friend): RDF vocabulary describing people and social relationships.
  • DBpedia: Knowledge graph extracted from Wikipedia.
  • RDFa: Method for embedding RDF metadata directly into HTML.

Semantic Web

Theey reiterates Tim Berners-Lee's vision of transforming the Web from human-readable documents into machine-readable data. Rather than keyword matching alone, resources become connected through explicit semantic relationships, allowing software agents to integrate information across multiple sources.

Semantic Web stack

The core technologies discussed are HTTP, URI, XML, RDF, RDFS, OWL and SPARQL. Together these provide identification, data representation, ontology definition and graph querying, forming the foundation of modern knowledge graphs and Linked Open Data.

RDF

RDF represents information as subject–predicate–object triples, naturally forming a directed graph. This remains the core data model behind Linked Data and many modern knowledge graph systems. For my work, RDF is the primary representation for integrating biological entities, molecular metadata and semantic relationships.

Ontologies

Ontologies define shared concepts, properties and relationships within a domain. Theey emphasizes that ontologies enable interoperability by allowing different systems to use common semantic definitions rather than relying only on keywords or

SPARQL

SPARQL is presented as the query language for RDF graphs. Unlike SQL over relational tables, SPARQL retrieves graph patterns and relationships, making it central for querying semantic knowledge graphs.

Relevance

Although dated, the article provides a concise overview of the core Semantic Web technologies still used today.